Photo Gallery | The Robert 'Bob' Hicks Foundation

Charles Sims holds up mock Ku Klux Klan robes Charles Sims, president of the Bogalusa Deacons for Defense and Justice, defiantly holds up mock Klan robes at a rally on 1/29/66, just two days after the Klan burned 4 crosses in front of Ebenezer Baptist Church. Robert Hicks stands behind him on left. (Bettman/Getty Images) Charles Sims holds up mock Ku Klux Klan robes in front of Bogalusa City Hall

James Farmer with picketers in Bogalusa CORE Director James Farmer with picketers on Columbia Street in Bogalusa on 4/20/65. Deacon for Defense Reese Perkins in overalls on left. The Bogalusa Voters League boycott of downtown stores had a major impact: many stores hired Black staff, others closed shop and left town. (Bettman/Getty Images)

James Farmer leads Bogalusa civil rights march CORE director James Farmer leads a civil rights march in Bogalusa on 7/11/65. That week, the Bogalusa Voters League organized marches every day for seven days in a row. Front row: R.T. Young, Ike Reynolds, Valeira Hicks, James Farmer, Dorothy Young. Behind them: Shirley Griffin, Mary Williams, Marvin Austin, Robert Hicks, Mary Robinson. Photo by A.Y. Owen. (The LIFE Images Collection via Getty Images) CORE director James Farmer leads a civil rights march in Bogalusa

James Farmer speaks at Bogalusa civil rights march CORE director James L. Farmer, speaking at a Bogalusa civil rights rally in April 1964. Robert Hicks & Ronnie Moore stand behind him. Photo by Lynn Pelham. (The LIFE Picture Collection via Getty Images)

Funeral of Oneal Moore Mrs. Maevella Moore follows the casket containing the body of her husband, Oneal Moore, who was slain by white supremacists on June 2, 1965. Moore was one of the two first black deputy sheriffs to serve in Washington Parish. On left: Robert Hicks and Reese Perkins. Andrew Moses is the second man on right side. (AP Photo)

Robert Hicks inspects damage to van Robert Hicks inspects damage to a van belonging to white CORE workers who were staying at his house on 4/8/65. Ku Klux Klan night riders had just attempted to attack his house, throwing a brick through the van window. The Deacons for Defense guarding the house fired back. It was rumored, but never reported, that Klansmen were injured in the fight. (AP Photo)

Bogalusa to Franklinton March Bogalusa marchers pass white onlookers as they arrive in Franklinton, La. at the end of a grueling, 2-day, 21-mile voting rights march. From left to right: Valeira Hicks, Fletcher Anderson, Robert Hicks. Photo by Jack Thornell. (AP Photo)

Integration testing at City Drug Store Four Blacks and two whites are served are at the City Drug Store in Bogalusa during "testing" by civil rights workers, July 21, 1965. The group was served at several eating places without incident and was refused service at another. (AP Photo)

Testing at Acme Cafe in Bogalusa Five Black activists leave the Acme Café in Bogalusa, La. where they were served without incident on 7/20/65. The group also successfully tested two other eating places under the watch of Louisiana state. Deacon for Defense Sam Barnes on far left, Marvin Austin in black short-sleeved shirt. (AP Photo)

Bogalusa civil rights march Civil rights marchers are guarded by state troopers in a march to Bogalusa City Hall on July 13, 1965. A Klan sign can be seen in the left background. (AP Photo)

James Farmer speaks at a rally in Bogalusa CORE National Director James Farmer speaks at a rally in Bogalusa in April 1965. CORE worker Mike Jones is behind him on left. Photo by Jack Thornell. (AP Photo)

Bogalusa High School integrated Three Black seniors arrive for the first day of integrated classes at the previously all-white Bogalusa High School on 9/1/65. Only four Black students attended the high school in 1965, and they were subjected to verbal and physical abuse throughout the year. From left to right: Frank Sellers, Edwina Torrence, Michael James. Photo by Jack Thornell. (AP Photo)

Civil rights activists kneel in prayer at Bogalusa City Hall. (The Times-Picayune | The Advocate, 07/09/65)

Bogalusa to Baton Rouge March arrives at state capitol Civil rights marchers arrive at the state capitol on 8/20/67 at the end of the Bogalusa to Baton Rouge March. Photo by Jack Thornell. (AP Photo)

State troopers hold back hostile whites during Bogalusa to Baton Rouge March Helmeted Louisiana state troopers move out in force to halt a charge by angry whites attempting to get at civil rights marchers at Satsuma, Louisiana, during the Bogalusa to Baton Rouge March on Aug. 16, 1967. Only a few of the whites, background, managed to get through police lines. (AP Photo)

Louisiana state troopers arrest white segregationist protesters A Louisiana state trooper puts a knee into the chin of a white man while another applies handcuffs after a group of 75 whites attacked a group of 25 Black civil rights marchers at Satsuma, Louisiana during the Bogalusa to Baton Rouge March on August 16, 1967. About eight whites were arrested after state police broke up the fierce melee. Photo by Jack Thornell. (AP Photo)

Bogalusa to Baton Rouge March The Bogalusa to Baton Rouge March passes through Hammond, La. on 8/14/67, guarded by state troopers on horseback. Photo by Jack Thornell. (AP Photo)

White woman waving Confederate flag A white woman waves a Confederate flag in protest as a group of 20 civil rights marchers pass through Hammond, La. on 8/14/67 during the Bogalusa to Baton Rouge March. Photo by Jack Thornell. (AP Photo)

Ku Klux Klan grand dragon and body guard Bill Wilkinson, state grand dragon of the “Invisible Empire Knights of the Ku Klux Klan," and armed body guard Johnny Jones look over the dedication site for a KKK headquarters in Bogalusa on 4/16/76. (AP Photo)

Robert Hicks, A.Z. Young, Gayle Jenkins Bogalusa civil rights leaders Robert Hicks, A.Z. Young and Gayle Jenkins meet at the abandoned Poplas Elementary School in 1988, more than 20 years after the Bogalusa Movement began. Many all-Black segregated schools were closed down after the Bogalusa schools were fully integrated in 1969. Photo by Chuck Cook. (The Times-Picayune | The Advocate)

The first two Black students integrate Columbia Street Elementary School in Bogalusa The mothers of first graders Lindsey Ray Keys and Sharon Packard accompany their children to Columbia Street Elementary School on 9/1/65. Following a court order, Bogalusa schools were integrated according to a limited "Freedom of Choice" plan, more than 10 years after the Brown v. Board of Education decision. Four Black students integrated Bogalusa High School on the same day. (The Times Picayune | The Advocate)

James Farmer leads civil rights march in Bogalusa CORE director James Farmer leads a civil rights march in Bogalusa on 7/11/65. That week, the Bogalusa Voters League organized marches every day for seven days in a row. Front row: R.T. Young, Ike Reynolds, Valeira Hicks, James Farmer, Dorothy Young, Reverend R. Brown. Marvin Austin is behind Farmer, under United Gas sign. (The Times-Picayune | The Advocate)

Civil rights demonstration on Columbia Street in Bogalusa Photo by Erby Aucoin. (The Times-Picayune | The Advocate, 06/01/1965)

James Farmer leads civil rights march in Bogalusa CORE director James Farmer leads a march in Bogalusa on 7/11/65. Left to right: R.T. Young, Ike Reynolds, Valeira Hicks, James Farmer. Rev. R. Brown in white hat on right. (The Times-Picayune | The Advocate)

Black Power rally in Franklinton Rally in Franklinton on 7/11/66 at the end of the 2-day, 21-mile Bogalusa to Franklinton March. At the rally, Lincoln Lynch of CORE declared: "Black power is on the move." Photo by V.A. Guidry. (The Times-Picayune | The Advocate)

Civil rights march on Columbia Street in Bogalusa Front row: Rev. R. Brown in white hat, Fletcher Anderson in rain hat, Valeira Hicks holding Anderson's hand. CORE worker Mike Jones on far right. Photo by Erby Aucoin. (The Times-Picayune | The Advocate, 07/09/65)

Bogalusa to Franklinton voting rights march Bogalusa marchers arrive in Franklinton on 7/11/66 after a two-day, 21-mile march to register voters at the parish courthouse. An unidentified Black deputy sheriff leads the procession and Deacon for Defense Royan Burris stands in front row, wearing short-sleeved, button-up shirt. (The Times Picayune | The Advocate)

Pastors lead Bogalusa to Franklinton March Bogalusa marchers arrive in Franklinton on 7/11/66 after a two-day, 21-mile voting rights march. In front: Lincoln Lynch and A.Z. Young. Deacon for Defense George Skiffer is behind them, holding Black Panthers sign, Valeira Hicks walks behind Skiffer. (The Times Picayune | The Advocate)

1965 Press Photo Reverend R. Brown in civil rights demonstration in Bogalusa A minister identified only as the Reverend R. Brown leads Bogalusa Negroes in prayer in yesterday's civil rights demonstration in that city.

Bogalusa to Baton Rouge March The size of the march fluctuated over the 10 days, from as few as 25 to the 600 who entered the state capital. In front: A.Z. Young. Robert Hicks, Gayle Jenkins, Geraldine Bennett. Photo by Terry Friedman. (The Times-Picayune | The Advocate, 08/14/1967).

Segregationist women march in Bogalusa A group of white segregationist women calling themselves the Bogalusa Christian Mothers stage an anti-civil rights march on 7/14/65. One sign reads "Give Our Police a Free Hand," protesting a federal injunction ordering Bogalusa police to protect Black marchers instead of harassing and attacking them. (The Times-Picayune | The Advocate)

Henry Austan arrested Henry Austan, a member of the Bogalusa Deacons for Defense and Justice, is arrested after he shot a white man in self-defense at a demonstration on July 8, 1965. (Staff photo, The Times-Picayune | The Advocate, 7/9/1965. Courtesy of The Amistad Research Center)

Alton Crowe on stretcher Doctors wheel Alton D. Crowe Jr. into Charity Hospital on 7/8/65 after Bogalusa Deacon Henry Austan shot him in self-defense during a Bogalusa civil rights march. Crowe survived and Austan was never prosecuted. Photo by H.J. Patterson. (The Times-Picayune | The Advocate)

Governor John McKeithen greets A.Z. Young and Gayle Jenkins On July 13, 1965, Governor John McKeithen greets A.Z. Young and Gayle Jenkins at the Bogalusa airport. McKeithen flew to Bogalusa to demand a one-month moratorium on marches, shortly after Deacon for Defense Henry Austan shot a white man in self-defense during a march. The Bogalusa Voters League refused and organized a march the very next day. (The Times-Picayune | The Advocate)

Marchers cross Amite River Bridge during Bogalusa to Baton Rouge March In nearby Denham Springs, local whites had covered the road with broken glass and nails to deter the marchers. Front row: A.Z. Young (in overalls), Geraldine Bennett, Gayle Jenkins. Fletcher Anderson in overalls behind her. Photo by John Boss. (The Times-Picayune | The Advocate, 08/67)

Marchers flanked by state troopers on the Bogalusa to Baton Rouge March Robert Hicks and A.Z. Young in center, Fletcher Anderson and Gayle Jenkins behind them. Photo by John Boss. (The Times-Picayune | The Advocate, 08/67)

Robert Hicks and A.Z. Young speak to reporters during the Bogalusa to Baton Rouge March Left to right: R.T. Young, Robert Hicks, A.Z. Young, Richard Sobol, Willie Robertson in overalls. Photo by John Boss. (The Times-Picayune | The Advocate, 08/67)

Bogalusa to Baton Rouge March with National Guardsmen and state troopers on horseback A.Z. Young and Robert Hicks lead the march. Photo by John Boss. (The Times-Picayune | The Advocate, 08/67)

A.Z. Young flanked by National Guardsmen on last leg of Bogalusa to Baton Rouge March Photo by John Boss. (The Times-Picayune | The Advocate, 08/19/67)

A.Z. Young and Lincoln Lynch of CORE lead Bogalusa to Baton Rouge March in the rain. Photo by John Boss. (The Times-Picayune | The Advocate, 08/67)

White counter-protesters with Confederate flag at Bogalusa to Baton Rouge March. Photo by John Boss. (The Times-Picayune | The Advocate, 08/67)

Gayle Jenkins speaks to state troopers during Bogalusa to Baton Rouge March Left to right: A.Z. Young, Layton Griffin, Gayle Jenkins, unidentified women, Robert Hicks, Valeira Hicks. Photo by John Boss. (The Times-Picayune | The Advocate, 8/67)

Local Black residents greeting marchers during the Bogalusa to Baton Rouge March Marchers recalled one local onlooker calling out: "Bring me back some of that freedom!" Photo by John Boss. (The Times-Picayune | The Advocate, 08/67)

A.Z. Young and Robert Hicks speak to reporters during the Bogalusa to Baton Rouge March Left to right: Willie Robertson (in overalls), Richard Sobol, A.Z. Young, Robert Hicks, R.T. Young. Photo by John Boss. (The Times-Picayune | The Advocate, 08/67)

The 10-day, 105-mile Bogalusa to Baton Rouge March Front row: A.Z. Young and Fletcher Anderson, R.T. Young behind them. Photo by John Boss. (The Times-Picayune | The Advocate, 08/67)

Robert Hicks, A.Z. Young, and R.T. Young leading Bogalusa to Baton Rouge March Photo by John Boss. (The Times-Picayune | The Advocate, 08/67)

Helicopter flies over Bogalusa to Baton Rouge March Photo by John Boss. (The Times Picayune | The Advocate, 8/67)

Robert Hicks, A.Z. Young, and R.T. Young leading Bogalusa to Baton Rouge March Photo by John Boss. (The Times-Picayune | The Advocate, 08/67)

National Guardsmen face off against white counter-protesters during Bogalusa to Baton Rouge March Photo by John Boss. (The Times-Picayune | The Advocate, 08/67)

Fletcher Anderson, A.Z. Young and Gayle Jenkins during Bogalusa to Baton Rouge March Photo by John Boss. (The Times-Picayune | The Advocate, 08/67)

A.Z. Young speaks to Baton Rouge police chief A.Z. Young, president of the Bogalusa Voters League, confers with Baton Rouge Police Chief David Keyser outside Baton Rouge city limits. A.Z. Young, president of the Bogalusa Voters League, confers with Baton Rouge Police Chief David Keyser outside Baton Rouge city limits. Photo by John Boss. (The Times-Picayune | The Advocate, 08/67)

A. Z. Young speaks to Baton Rouge police chief A.Z. Young, president of the Bogalusa Voters League, confers with Baton Rouge Police Chief David Keyser outside Baton Rouge city limits. Photo by John Boss. (The Times-Picayune | The Advocate, 08/67)

Gayle Jenkins supports an injured marcher during the 10-day, 105-mile Bogalusa to Baton Rouge March Photo by John Boss. (The Times-Picayune | The Advocate, 08/67)

The grueling 10-day, 105-mile Bogalusa to Baton Rouge March In front: A.Z. Young, Robert Hicks, Fletcher Anderson. Photo by John Boss. (The Times-Picayune | The Advocate, 08/67)

Police frisk Charles Sims Charles Sims, President of the Bogalusa Deacons for Defense and Justice, is frisked by police during the Bogalusa to Baton Rouge March. Photo by John Boss. (The Times-Picayune | The Advocate, 08/67)

Charles Sims is frisked by police Charles Sims, President of the Bogalusa Deacons for Defense and Justice, is frisked by police during the Bogalusa to Baton Rouge March. A.Z. Young is behind him. Photo by John Boss. (The Times-Picayune | The Advocate, 08/67)

Billy Brooks rallies the crowd in Baton Rouge Billy Brooks, director of the Louisiana Black People Advancement Association, rallies the crowd with shouts of "Black Power" at the conclusion of the Bogalusa to Baton Rouge March. Photo by John Boss. (The Times-Picayune | The Advocate, 8/21/67)

"There he goes flying around" At the conclusion of the Bogalusa to Baton Rouge March, the crowd points to a helicopter circling overhead and activist Billy Brooks yells: "There he goes flying around." They were referring to the absent state governor, John McKeithen, who refused to appear to receive the list of grievances that marchers had prepared for him. Photo by John Boss. (The Times-Picayune | The Advocate, 08/21/67)

Bogalusa to Baton Rouge March The Bogalusa to Baton Rouge march enters the state capital. In front row: Steven Ward, R.T. Young, Mary Williams, Robert Hicks, Valeira Hicks, Dorothy Young, A.Z. Young, Lincoln Lynch. Photo by Terry Friedman. (The Times-Picayune | The Advocate, 8/21/67) The Bogalusa to Baton Rouge march enters the state capital. In front row: Steven Ward, R.T. Young, Mary Williams, Robert Hicks, Valeira Hicks, Dorothy Young, A.Z. Young, Lincoln Lynch

The Bogalusa to Baton Rouge march enters the state capital In front row: Steven Ward, R.T. Young, Mary Williams, Robert Hicks, Valeira Hicks, Dorothy Young, A.Z. Young, Lincoln Lynch, Fletcher Anderson. Photo by Terry Friedman. (The Times-Picayune | The Advocate, 08/21/67)

Rally at the Capitol steps at the end of the Bogalusa to Baton Rouge March. Photo by Terry Friedman. (The Times Picayune | The Advocate, 08/21/1967)

Coretta Scott King, Martin Luther King Jr., James Meredith, and Floyd McKissick lead the March Against Fear Coretta Scott King, Martin Luther King Jr., James Meredith, and Floyd McKissick lead the March Against Fear in June 1966. Charles Sims, president of the Bogalusa Deacons for Defense and Justice, walks directly behind them (in overalls). After Meredith was attacked, Dr. King agreed to allow the armed Deacons to protect the march. (Bob Fitch Photography Archive at Stanford University Libraries, Special Collections: https://exhibits.stanford.edu/fitch)

James Meredith's wounds are treated James Meredith's wounds are treated during the March Against Fear. Charles Sims, president of the Bogalusa Deacons for Defense and Justice, looks on. After Meredith was attacked, the armed Deacons were allowed to protect the march. Mississippi, June 1966. (Bob Fitch Photography Archive at Stanford University Libraries, Special Collections: https://exhibits.stanford.edu/fitch)

James Meredith March Against Fear, June 1966 In front row: Juanita Abernathy, Ralph Abernathy, Coretta Scott King, Martin Luther King Jr., Floyd McKissick, Claude Sterrett, Leon Hall (arm on waist). 3rd row: A.Z. Young & Deacon for Defense Fletcher Anderson, both in straw hats. (Bob Fitch Photography Archive at Stanford University Libraries, Special Collections: https://exhibits.stanford.edu/fitch)

James Meredith March Against Fear, June 1966 Front row: Juanita Abernathy, Ralph Abernathy, Coretta Scott King, Martin Luther King Jr., Floyd McKissick, Claude Sterrett. Behind them are A.Z. Young and Deacon for Defense Fletcher Anderson (in straw hats, facing each other). (Bob Fitch Photography Archive at Stanford University Libraries, Special Collections: https://exhibits.stanford.edu/fitch)

Meredith March Against Fear enters Jackson, MS Front row: Juanita Abernathy, Rev. Ralph Abernathy, Coretta Scott King, Martin Luther King Jr., Floyd McKissick, Stokely Carmichael. 3rd row: A.Z. Young & Deacon for Defense Fletcher Anderson, both in straw hats. June 1966. (Bob Fitch Photography Archive at Stanford University Libraries, Special Collections: https://exhibits.stanford.edu/fitch)

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